What is the primary cause of heat cramps?

The primary cause of heat cramps is related to sodium (Na) loss. Heat cramps typically occur when an individual experiences prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially when combined with excessive sweating. During intense physical activity in hot environments, the body loses fluids and electrolytes, particularly sodium, through sweat.

When sodium levels become depleted, the muscles may become irritable and more prone to cramping. This phenomenon can be exacerbated in situations where the individual has not adequately replenished electrolytes through hydration or nutrition, leading to the electrical imbalances in muscle cells that ultimately trigger cramps.

While dehydration, high humidity, and excessive exercise are contributing factors to heat stress disorders, the specific mechanism behind heat cramps is primarily the loss of sodium. Therefore, restoring sodium levels, along with proper hydration, is essential to alleviate and prevent cramps during heat exposure.