What medical condition is referred to as vitriolage?

Vitriolage refers specifically to the act of throwing acid, particularly sulfuric acid, on someone with the intent to cause harm, disfigurement, or injury. This term comes from "vitriol," which historically refers to sulfuric acid or other corrosive substances. Acid attacks can result in severe injuries, including burns and long-term psychological effects for the victims.

In this context, while all the other options describe different types of injuries, they do not encompass the specific nature of vitriolage. Burns from hot liquids relate to thermal injuries rather than chemical burns, frostbite injuries pertain to damage from extreme cold, and chemical inhalation injuries result from inhaling harmful fumes. Therefore, the correct answer accurately characterizes vitriolage as an acid attack, which is both a specific act of violence and a significant medical and social issue.