Which drug acts as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil is recognized as an antidote specifically for benzodiazepine overdose. Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, leading to their sedative and anxiolytic effects. However, an overdose of benzodiazepines can lead to severe sedation, respiratory depression, and even coma.

Flumazenil is a competitive antagonist at the GABA-A receptor and works by reversing the effects of benzodiazepines. It can restore normal consciousness and respiratory function in an individual who has overdosed on these drugs. Its efficacy depends on the timing of administration, as it may not be effective in reversing the effects if the benzodiazepine has been in the system for an extended period.

The other substances listed do not serve to counteract benzodiazepine effects. Digoxin immune Fab is an antidote for digoxin toxicity, naloxone is used for opioid overdose, and hydroxocobalamin is primarily used for cyanide poisoning. Each of these antidotes targets specific toxicological emergencies, underscoring the importance of administering the proper antidote based on the substance involved in the overdose.