Which of the following is NOT an antidote for a specific poisoning?

Dextrose is not considered an antidote for specific poisoning. While dextrose is a crucial substance used in clinical settings, particularly for addressing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), it does not specifically counteract the effects of a particular poison or toxin. Antidotes are substances that counteract the toxic effects of specific poisons, and dextrose does not fit this categorization.

In contrast, the other options are recognized antidotes for specific toxins. Sodium bicarbonate, for instance, is used in cases of metabolic acidosis and to help with some drug overdoses, like salicylate poisoning. Penicillamine is an antidote for heavy metal poisoning, particularly for copper, lead, and mercury. Flumazenil is an antidote used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdoses. Each of these acts directly on a specific type of poisoning, making them true antidotes, whereas dextrose supports bodily function without directly mitigating the effects of a poison.