Which test is commonly used to detect gunshot residue?

The dermal nitrate test is commonly used to detect gunshot residue because it specifically identifies the presence of nitrates and nitrites, which are components typically found in the residues of firearms. When a weapon is fired, gunpowder ignites and produces these compounds, which can linger on the hands or clothing of the shooter.

The dermal nitrate test involves detecting these products through a chemical reaction on the skin. When a hand swab from an individual suspected of handling a firearm is tested, the presence of nitrates indicates that they may have discharged a gun.

Other testing methods like gas chromatography may be used in forensic analysis but are not typically employed as the primary test for gunshot residue. Blood smears and urine analysis are inappropriate in this context as they do not specifically assess for gunshot residue and are used for other types of biological analyses.