Which test is commonly used to detect gunshot residue?

The dermal nitrate test is commonly used to detect gunshot residue because it specifically identifies the presence of nitrates that are often found on the hands or clothing of a person who has discharged a firearm. When a gun is fired, nitrates and other residues can be deposited on the person shooting it, and the dermal nitrate test can detect these substances by swabbing the skin and analyzing the samples for nitrate compounds.

In contrast, gas chromatography, while an effective method for analyzing various chemical compounds, is not a primary test for gunshot residue detection in forensic contexts. Blood smear tests and urine analysis also do not target the specific residues associated with gunfire; blood tests can indicate a wide range of substances and urine analysis typically measures metabolites of drugs, but neither specifically addresses gunshot residue. Thus, the dermal nitrate test stands out as the most relevant and effective method for identifying gunshot residue in forensic investigations.